Research Sites of the University of Michigan Biological Station

One of two basins on Beaver Island, Michigan where Kapp analyzed pollen and the character of the sediments to correlate the water level in the Michigan basin, sedimentation and forest history. Three pollen zones from this post-Valders peat bog and Barney Lake reflect a late-glacial forest, dominated by spruce followed by the development of the mixed northern hardwood forest including pine.

Numerous sinkholes in the limestone bedrock of northern Alpena county.

Part of Limnology's Comparative Lake Survey in 92 and 93: an oligotrophic, dystrophic, acidic, seepage lake, possibly affected by acid precipitation; also studied by Bob Pillsbury in his dissertation work on benthic algae in acidic lakes.

Small groundwater stream west of Atwood with good vehicle access.

RANN: appears to be in very early stage of hydrarch succession, progressing toward dystrophy. It is deep with soft flocculent sediments, it stratifies early and stays so until late fall, with large hypolimetic oxygen deficits.

Originates just east of Otsego Lake and enters the Au Sable just east of McMasters Bridge.

One of Bob Pillsbury's dissertation study sites, an acidic lake where he studied the benthic algal communities (and manipulated light and nutrients).

One of two basins on Beaver Island, Michigan where Kapp analyzed pollen and the character of the sediments to correlate the water level in the Michigan basin, sedimentation and forest history. Three pollen zones from this site reflect a late-glacial forest, dominated by spruce followed by the development of the mixed northern hardwood forest including pine.

River draining Walloon Lake and the hills SE of Petoskey into Little Traverse Bay.

Drains into North Fishtail Bay of Douglas Lake from the moraine near Dotski, McClouth, and Bonnett roads. A small stream draining pastures and woodland; empties into Douglas Lake at the NE shore of North Fishtail Bay. Camp Knight was the former owner, UMBS bought this property in the 1990's.

In Grand Traverse Bay, Herring gull nesting area.

The stream draining Lancaster Lake into Douglas Lake. An excellent pike spawning run in the spring. Flows from Lancaster Lake to Douglas Lake at Marl Bay; bordered by ozier-willow thickets and wet woodlands.

The 2nd oldest nuclear power plant in the US; recently dismantled.

In Alpena sinkholes folder.

Flows through swamp for about 1 & 1/2 miles, forms Big Stone Pond, & then into Big Stone Bay.

Connecting road between E Burt Lake Rd and Crump Road; Livingston Bog and Nichols Bog just to S (Google map name is wrong).

Highly developed, famous for its sturgeon fishing. Onaway State Park on its SE shore. Black Mtn. ski area immed. to N. Upper Black River enters on the W shore and the Black River leaves from NW corner.

Cantlon: excellent savanna and forests of jack pine and black oak and Black oak with Hill's oak (Q. paleolithica). SW 1/4 of sec. 27.

In Thunder Bay area, Herring gull nesting area.

Heavily used area of the Sturgeon Bay Dunes with beautiful sand beach.

Softwater lake excellent for aquatic vascular plants.

Prob. should be sec. 14 or 15

On Indian River just before Mullett Lake.

From Vitt and Slack.

Small bog closely associated with Douglas Lake; has received much attention from UMBS biologists over the years. See Gates S. P. 1942, 9: 224-226. An excellent small acid bog, with all stages present in small bands.

Used by Ted Anderson in House Sparrow studies.

See Cort et. al. (1939) and McMullen (1938): cannot find.

The 4th largest lake in the state with a surface area of 6,848 ha. Relatively deep, with several large bays, and most of the extensive shoreline is in private ownership. Total watershed is 140,181 ha.

H. Crum collected bryophytes and lichens here.

Last operated in 19xx. A camp of the Methodist Children's Home Society.

Artificial pond formed by damming Big Stone Bay Creek within 1 mile of the mouth; done by CCC crew in 1935. Also called Big Stone Pond, Geography Camp Pond and Goose Pond.

Groundwater discharge from Douglas Lake (dye tracing study done in 1987 by Dr. Dave White).

H. Heatwole study area.

Jewell and Brown (1929): a small bog just south of Cecil Bay, formed from a beach pool of Lake Michigan. A good example of a sphagnum sedge margin closely followed by bog woods.

See Rier and Stevenson.

In Lake Huron, Caspian Tern nesting site.

A very good example of a cattail marsh on the Great Lakes (Lake Huron), now with a boardwalk extending from Gordon Turner Park (formerly Cheboygan City Park).

On Duncan Bay and Lake Huron. DNR property.

Used by W. Fairchild Lake and its shoreline and adjacent areas are used by the entomology class.

OSP: Wooded peninsula on W shore of Burt Lake. Most of property owned by UMBS.

One of Jim Ryan's Sorex sites.

Drains Cranberry Lake into the West Branch of the Cedar River.

Crane Island is the older name. State Park uses Crane Island, USGS uses Waugoshance Island.

This lake has a long history of development and is currently one of the most populated lakes in the study area, sustaining 317 dwelling units on its shores. It has been identified as the lake most seriously affected by human impact within the study area

To reach an almost undisturbed maple-hemlock-beech-red oak forest take M131 S. of village, turn E on Division Road (1st road going E after leaving village) and park. Private. N. hardwoods, Kalkaska loamy soil, excellent large old hemlocks in center.

50 yr plot # 3 is on top.

Impressive gorge under US 2.

Site of dam on Maple River where the E and W branches meet, creating Lake Kathleen.

At tip of peninsula Calypso including an albino form. Goodyera spp. here; 2 spp. of Streptopus and many others. Very large forms of Acer pensylvanicum & A. spicatum. Virgin white pine and arborvitae.

A small seepage lake E of Mullett Lake; a shallow round kettle lake that appears to have a perched water table. Water level flucutations greater here than any other body of water in study area.

A shallow flowage, 76 ha in area, which drains through McMasters Creek and eventually into the Upper Black.

A multiple ice-block kettle lake, with seven major depressions in the basin. Moderately deep. UMBS owns much of the shoreline on E and S sides. Total watershed is 10,307 ha. Drains into Burt Lake.

Also Whitney Bay quad. Easternmost part of the UP, reached by a ferry from De Tour.

The middle body of water of the three above Lake Sixteen in NE Cheboygan County.

The southernmost body of water of the 3 above Lake Sixteen in NE Cheboygan County.

Beiswenger, 1972: occupied a depression, 8x20 m, in an otherwise dry, sandy stream bed bet. marshes to E & Duncan Bay to NW. Cheboygan State Park property.

BVK: known for its floating islands - bog mats pushed back & forth; good Arethusa on E side; good pike fishery. Originally known as Jersey Lake for Mr. Edgar Jersey - timber cruiser. "Buckeye" lumber Co. on E side of lake - shipped up to Spur 459.

Futyma (Ph.D.): SE 1/4 of SW 1/4 of 30; in an area known as the Raco Sand Plain - outwash deposited on the S side of the Newberry moraine and graded to the level of Glacial Lake Algonquin; very sandy, with jack pine most commonly.

Potamogeton hillii; empties into Duncan Bay A narrow, shallow, slow-moving stream which drains Carex bog and deciduous woods; flows chiefly NW into Duncan Bay.

One mile long between Camp Rd. and Ely Rd. Cantlon: Good old second growth coniferous forest. Also shows good invasion on abandoned RR. W 1/2 of NW 1/4 and E 1/2 of NE 1/4. [Probably the same woods that Warren Wagner visits for ferns.]

Alisma subcordatum. OSP: 2 acres, SE of Nelson Lake and E of Lake Paradise. FCG: small shallow depression SE of Nelson Lake. A small marsh - about 2 acres, S of Penny Lake, & SE of Nelson Lake. Named for Ethel B. Finster, for several years a grad. student at UMBS.

Little Traverse Conservancy preserve.

Cuts down right through glacial moraine as it drains Emmet Co. into Lake Michigan; clay layers are very nicely exposed.

On S. Manitou Island.

Flowage located north of Paradise Lake and empties into the Straits by French Farm Creek. 234 ha in size and shallow. Watershed covers 3067 ha, mostly state-owned. No human development Gates 1942, 9:231

Good place for Arethusa. Excellent hardwater lake and bog vegetation. No sedge mat; bog forest, swamp forest, and upland beech maple found on SW side of lake. Bryophytes are excellent. Ecology class, systematic botany.

Large peninsula in N Lake Michigan, noted for Fayette State Park - reconstructed pig iron smelting village.

A Chamaedaphne bog (Gates 1942, 9:224; Ecol. Monogr. 12:213-254).

Groundwater stream originating out of the Port Huron moraine.

Named for Henry A. Gleason. Recently studied by Miller and Futyma. A burned over area, supporting leatherleaf-shrub bog vegetation on what was probably a small spruce-white pine stand, surrounded by red pine and white pine.

In Straits of Mackinac near Les Cheneaux Islands, SW of Marquette Island; Herring gull nesting area.

The site of an abandoned lumber town at the west end of Hammond Bay.

Large, highly developed lake in eastern Presque Isle Co.

In Grand Marais area, Herring gull nesting area.

Once considered as a possible site for UMBS. A point of wooded land on the S shore of Douglas Lake. N hardwoods, 2nd growth (young). Burned probably between 1912-14 (Cantlon). Coppice sugar maple, white birch.

Nature Conservancy property.

In Thunder Bay, Herring gull nesting area.

Potamogeton hillii found here (see Voss, 1965).

In Straits of Mackinac, Herring gull nesting area.

Clearly a farmed field in 1938 aerial photos. Clearcut in December 1991 to recreate an old field; brush-hogged about every other year.

Futyma (Ph.D.): among a group of limestone hills in central Mackinac Co. (NW 1/4 of 14 and NE 1/4 of 15); lies at 255 m (836 ft) just S of Maple Hill, which rises to 300 m.

In Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, Caspian Tern nesting site.

Sandbar on E shore of Douglas Lake where gulls sit in low water times, S of Big Shoal.

In Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, Caspian Tern nesting site.

US Fish & Wildlife Service property

Part of Crooked River and Inland Water Route.

Sparrow aquatic fungi collection location. Center W edge of sec. 23, about 9 mi WNW of Cheboygan.

Cedar swamp at W end of Reese's Swamp, near where the Hermit lived. Hermits' was a grassy area shaded by large white pines.

USDA, Forest Service property.

A very deep lake (compared to Houghton Lake); shoreline very highly developed.

A bog lake near the Twin Lakes. Has a typical floating mat of vegetation, but relatively larger and deeper (2.9 ha surface area, and mean depth of 3.7 m). Watershed - 53 ha. Entirely state-owned with no development anywhere in watershed.

The largest inland lake in Michigan.

Lycopodium!

Boreal bird species such as Spruce Grouse, N Three-toed Woodpecker, Black-backed Three-toed Woodpecker, Gray Jay, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Olive-sided Flycatcher, Boreal Chickadee, Swainson's Thrush, & Gray-cheeked Thrush.

Part of the Glennie Lakes study.

Most recently B. Barnes has done ecosystem mapping here. Phil Myers has trapped here.

Drains into Ocqueoc River.

Formed when Mullett Lake was dammed. A marsh on both sides of Indian River, one mile or more above the river's entrance into Mullett Lake.

OSP: Settlement on N shore of Douglas Lake. An area of about 1 sq. mi. of deciduous woods, farms, and fields, willow thickets, and white cedar in the vicinity of Bessey Creek.

Iron bridge now replaced by a large culvert. Bridge torn down in 19xx. Good site for liverworts. 5 beaver removed Oct., 1992 (2 by shooting, 3 by live trap), dammed sometime in August; water above top of culvert. Lodge quite a ways upstream.

see Benninghoff and Gebben (1960): phytosociological study of a beech-maple stand on a morainic ridge near the shore of Lake Michigan.

Very sandy outwash plains (soil series = Grayling sand).

This quad shows the correction bet. ranges 6 and 7 E, T 30 and 31 N.

OSP: E shore of Douglas Lake between campus and Pine Point (not sure exactly where).

A reservoir on the Upper Black, formed by the construction of a hydroelectric power dam. SA = 72 ha. Sturgeon coming out of Black Lake apparently congregate below the dam.

Part of Ocqueoc River drainage: Lakes Nettie, Louise, Ann, Ella, May, Emma, Ruth

Part of Ocqueoc River drainage, one of the Lady Lakes.

The smallest of the Great Lakes in volume and is exposed to the greatest effects from urbanization and agriculture.

Impoundment behind the dam at Damsite. Named for the wife of the former owner of the Damsite (Ken Mclaughlin?).

Part of Ocqueoc River watershed, one of the Lady Lakes; drains into Lake Nettie. SA = 38 acres, mostly shallow, with extremely clear water. Bottom is covered with limy flakes overlying black mud and sand. Vegetation is not abundant.

Part of the Ocqueoc River drainage, one of the Lady Lakes. Good collecting on both sides of road near resort. Ranunculus reptans abundant near shore on wet sand. Sparganium, Sagittaria. Asclepias tuberosa can be found in open dry fields and along roadside approaching lake from N or S. Kalmia angustifolia. Sedges

Part of the Ocqueoc River, one of the Lady Lakes, the largest lake of the system. SA = 257 acres. Highly colored water and a muddy bottom, in contrast to Lakes Ann and Louise, and its W basin. Outlet washes through the same esker.

One of the Lady Lakes. [Plat book map looks wrong].

In volume the largest of the Great Lakes. Also the deepest and coldest, with a retention time of 191 yrs. Most of the basin is forested with little agriculture due to a cool climate and poor soils.

By our definition, the stream upstream from Lancaster Lake, draining the cedar swamps to NW (Bessey Creek is downstream from Lancaster Lake).

A small, but deep kettle lake. SA = 9.8 ha. Watershed=835 ha. Heavy development. Drains by a small creek, through swampland, into the Sturgeon River.

Schnell (1965) gives the location as 2.5 mi N of Presque Isle - this is BVK's guess.

OSP: E point of Duncan Bay. Cheboygan State Park property.

Can be found on the 1926 F.C. Gates map of UMBS. Also shown in Gates, 1926, Bot. Gaz., Plant Successions.... Just SW of Wolff's Bog.

Drains farmland W of Cheboygan into Lake Huron just W of the city.

In Lake Huron, Caspian Tern nesting site.

Drains conifer swamp of Wilderness State Park into Sturgeon Bay, N of Big Sucker Creek. Wilderness State Park property.

Beautiful classic bog S of Birchwood Rd., most recently studied and mapped by Barb Madsen & Howard Crum. Owned by Bonnett.

A multi-depression lake with 3 basins, but interconnected at a deep level and have similar limn. features. 3.8 km long, but a mean width of only .45 km. SA=160 ha and a relatively small watershed (416 ha). Silver maple-elm forest below Long Lake, SW 1.4 of sec. 15, Aloha Twp. Good old 2nd growth forest on marly much, adjacent RR (Cantlon).

Part of the Ocqueoc River system. SA = 65 acres, max. depth is 18'.

Now under water (1960).

Source of the E Branch - Maple River.

A narrow peninsula near the source of the Maple River at the SW end of Douglas Lake, partially enclosing a very small marshy area along which loons have nested.

Drains Douglas Lake into Lake Kathleen, where it joins the W Branch. An outlet of Douglas Lake; flows from the SW end to the W side of Burt Lake.

A NW bay of Douglas Lake, W of the mouth of Bessey Creek.

Part of the Ocqueoc River system; drains into Upper Barnhart Lake.

Part of the Milligan Creek drainage.

One of the plots est. to study the gradient of atmospheric depostion across the Great Lakes; cooperative bet. UM, MSU, MTU. DNRproperty.

Drains Dingman marsh, now a State Park (historical).

Drains into the Black River just below Kleber Dam, originates from Duby Lake and surrounding wetlands. Looks like it bisects the M68 esker.

Old dune in Wilderness State Park, prob. Nipissing age. Had a fire tower at one time.

Drains Mud Lake (Hebron) into Lake Paradise (Carp Lake).

Juncus militaris; sandhill cranes!

Bog much studied by UMBS biologists; boardwalk access built 2009 by UMBS stewards.

A very small and shallow lake, sometimes included with Round Lake. M 199 traverses near its western shore, and is becoming heavily developed with commercial establishments.

5th largest lake in Michigan (SA = 6,652 ha) and deepest in the study area. Receives the drainage from most of the Inland Water Route (watershed = 207,381 ha). Largest inland cattail marsh is located at mouth of Indian River. Elevation=594.5 feet (1960).

An arrangement, made in the 1920's or 30's, allowed the township to use this area of N. Fishtail Bay as their beach.

OSP: Small pond in pasture, S of Birchwood Rd.

One of the basins of Douglas Lake.

Part of the Glennie Lakes study.

A sinkhole lake.

Part of Douglas Lake, just E of Ingleside.

Part of the Ocqueoc River system, the 3rd largest (SA = 114 acres). It lies in a depression, surrounded by aspen-covered hills on which scattered pines occur. Greatest recorded depth = 34'. Vegetation is abundant; a rich pelecypod fauna is present.

State fish hatchery located here.

Drains into Sturgeon Bay by way of Big Sucker Creek. Dam built 19xx.

Part of the Ocqueoc River system, long and narrow, with 3 significant inlets. SA = 33 acres.

Huge spring with crystal clear water; raft is hand-pulled across the spring.

In Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, Caspian Tern nesting site.

Semipermanent bodies of water with a rich growth of Chara on the bottom. Good for water mites.

Prominent moraine between Pellston and UMBS.

Built in 1942 during the war. Labor leader Walter Reuther (sp?) died in a plane crash in section 31 in 19xx.

Not completely sure of the section (see Gruler, 1981). In 1966 the City of Petoskey applied for a license to operate a dump located near the corner of Howard and River Roads, just outside the city limits.

The city's wastewater plant; outfall is in Little Traverse Bay.

National Park Service property.

In Beaver Island area, Herring gull nesting area.

DNR property.

Wentz's student paper (1973) is the only record.

Zahner: a 65 year old red pine stand - best example in Michigan.

Zahner: A stand of old growth virgin red pine; best example in northern lower Michigan. NE 1/4 of sec. 26.

Prob. the most studied terrestrial site at UMBS. A mature bog, white cedar predominating (see Gates S. P. 1942, 9:227-228).

Plots 6 and 7 of the UMBS Fifty Year Plots are located within Reese's Swamp.

OSP: Intersection of Riggsville and Extension Rds.

Little Traverse Conservancy

Small peninsula on N side of Douglas Lake.

34 acre grove of virgin red pine, one of the best stands in the Central Lowland portion of the US. Provides evidence of fires in 1798, 1888, and 1928 and contains a former National Champion red pine. 8 miles E of Roscommon, off Sunset Drive. MDNR Forest Management Divisionproperty.

Futyma (Ph.D.): SE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of 14; a small treed bog of about 10 ha (25 acres) occupying a shallow depression on the Newberry moraine. Elev. = 259 m, may have been shallowly inundated by main Lake Algonquin. Sphagnum cover, with Carex oligosperma.

Futyma (Ph.D.): SE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of 9; elev. = 259 m (850 ft). Occupies a shallow depression in an area of gentle morainic and kamic topography; sandy soils with scattered limestone & dolomite boulders.

see also Sable Falls

In Thunder Bay, Herring gull nesting area.

Large limestone quarry whose rock built most of the roads in that area.

US Fish & Wildlife Service property managed for its waterfowl ponds.

Very little used by UMBS people.

In Beaver Island group. A gravel bar about 1/2 mi. S of Hat Island. When not submerged, the breeding ground for Caspian terns and gulls (see Cran. Inst. Sci. Bull. 27:44, 1948).

Located S of Devereaux Lake, small (SA = 31.4 ha) and shallow. Privately owned by the Detroit Area Boy Scout Council. Drained by Silver Creek into the Little Pigeon River and then into Mullett Lake.

An almost perfectly circular seepage lake, relatively small (SA = 30.8 ha) and one of the deepest lakes in study area. Watershed = 523 ha.

Pettingill used to take his classes here for ___.

A LTC Preserve: 55 densely wooded acres close to the S arm of Lake Charlevoix. A spring-fed stream that supports brook trout runs through the preserve. The forest is mostly hardwoods, dominated by sugar maple, American beech and black ash.

The southernmost basin of Douglas Lake with a maximum depth of approximately 21.5 m (71 ft). Water quality sampling dates to 1911, conducted by Paul Welch and Frank Eggelton (Welch 1928, 1945; Welch and Eggleton 1932, 1935).

In Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, Caspian Tern nesting site.

A sinkhole lake.

A small seepage lake, next to Mud Lake (Little Traverse). Small (2.8 ha in surface area) and shallow (mean depth of .7 m) and with a small watershed (139 ha). No dwellings on its shores, but commercial development is encroaching near its S and W sides.

In Straits of Mackinac, Herring gull nesting area.

OSP: In Lake Michigan, S of Waugoshance Point, Wilderness State Park.

Drains the high moraines of extreme SW Cheboygan Co., enters the Sturgeon in the town of Wolverine.

Near Thunder Bay, E of North Point; Herring Gull nesting area.

A wilderness area, part of the Ottawa National Forest.

Owned by the Little Traverse Conservancy.

Near Thunder Bay, E of North Point; Herring gull nesting area.

A large flooding surrounded by extensive jack pine plains. Burned areas of jack pine excellent habitat for Lincoln Sparrows, Clay-colored sparrows, Night Hawks and other plains species.

An impoundment of the Upper Black River; the Kleber pond and dam is immediately downstream.

On N side of road approaching Wilderness Park, healthy stand of Lathyrus sylvestris, interesting woods with several species of Lycopodium, Monotropa hypopithys in quantity.

Futyma (Ph.D.): an area of about 40 km2 (15 mi2) in the SW corner of Chippewa Co, just N of Trout Lake in 3 townships. A poorly drained area of Algonquin-age lake plain that is the divide of the Tahquamenon, Carp, and Pine rivers. Peat up to 1 m deep. (con't). Typical bog, fen, and coniferous swamp vegetation with the exception that jack pine is a dominant tree (this jack pine on peat led him to investigate the vegetational history of this area).

Cairns has sampled for protozoa in 1981.

A deep hardwater lake with 7 different depressions, very distinctly separated.

One of Jim Ryan's Sorex sites.

Top of the hill behind Lakeside lab. Site began operation in July, 1979.

OSP: 49 acre wooded tract on NE corner of intersection of Roberts Road and Hogsback Road.

Soil type here (of this 3-part study) is Blue Lake loamy sand.

There is a set of natural and experimental burn plots on our property that now creates a hundred year chronosequence of plant succession after fire. There are 3 natural burns near our entrance drive that burned in 1901, 1911, and 1923. Our experimental burns date from 1936, 1948, 1954, 1980, and 1998. The control area was burned clear in 1907 (from ring counts). Each experimental burn plot is about a hectare in size (2.5-3 acres). They are located adjacent to each other in section 32. The 1980 burn has 4 20m x 20m permanent plots inside its boundaries. A 50m by 80m plot was established in the middle of the 1998 burn (and in the control area immediately to the west). Additional treatments in this plot include a deer exclosure fence and an aspen ramet removal area (see thesis by Laura White). The area in the NE corner was lightly burned in 1932 and did not follow a clearcut (under the supervision of L. J. Young, Professor of Silviculture).

Robert Farmer Jr. established eight 66 ft2 plots - the Bob Farmer Plots - to quantify the effects of prescribed burns following clearcuts on Aspen trees. Six of these permanent plots are located within the 1936, 1948, and 1954 UMBS Burn Plots. Two are located in the 1952 clear cut, which was not burned. Measurements of the number of stems/acre of woody species in these plots are available for 1957, 1979 and 1998.

The UMBS Cooper Plots were initiated in 1967 to provide replicate plots for the UMBS 50 Year Plots that were established in 1938. There are 13 plots in total located in aspen-dominated stands of varying soil quality around the University of Michigan Biological Station property.

In Spring 2008, we implemented the Forest Accelerated Succession ExperimenT (FASET) by stem girdling all aspen and birch (>6,700 trees, ~35% canopy LAI) within a 33 ha stand and in three nearby 2 ha replicate stands. 33 m eddy-covariance tower erected fall 2006.

Misc. series of plots in different forest types, earliest begun 1932.

Breeding bird survey sites where intensive surveys have been conducted. Some REU research based upon these sites has been published. There are six sites altogether. Three sites are along the Maple River: NOMA or North Maple, CEMA or Central Maple, SOMA or South Maple. Three other sites are along the UMBS property: BURN or Burn Plots, BVTL or Beavertail Creek and GATE or Gates Bog.

The PROPHET (Program for Research on Oxidants: PHotochemistry, Emissions, and Transport) tower and laboratory are located within a forested area on the University of Michigan Biological Station property. The tower is a 103 feet 5 inch tall, guyed stairway-type tower erected in December of 1996. A glass manifold reaches to 115 feet and delivers air samples to the laboratory for analysis. The Tower lab building is 20 x 30 x 10 feet and is insulated and supplied with heat and air conditioning (two 7.5 ton units). It has telephone and data line service and 3-phase power. The building is furnished with shelving, lab benches and a few computer desks.

Approx. 10,000 acres around Douglas Lake. Initial purchase of 1361 acres for $2500 on 3 June 1908 from Hannah Bogardus. Much land rec'd from the DNR in 1942 and 1947 from tax reversion.

Installed 1994 in clearing cut for these instruments; funding provided by USDA.

Part of the Ocqueoc River system. SA = 40 acres, max. depth = 67 feet. The water is highly colored.

Drains into E Branch of Maple River, usu. dry by midsummer.

A sand pit in Emmet Co., just off Van Road next to the gas pipeline, much used for studies of amphibians: Beiswenger, Heinen, Dole.

Part of the Glennie Lakes study.

A rich fen, probably larger and more biologically diverse than Smith Fen. Owned by Jack & Nancy Waldron, 1909 Resort Rd., 616 548-5386

Some of the most expensive lake frontage in N. Michigan; 4 basins.

Peninsula in Lake Michigan, noted for its wetlands, bass fishing, and sandy shores (Piping plover nesting sites). Wilderness State Parkproperty.

Drains into Carp River, under Cecil Bay Road.

A LTC preserve: the first one, acquired in 1974; a mixed hardwood and conifer swamp, 14 acres, just inside Harbor Springs.

Huge bay of Lake Superior, N & E of Sault Ste. Marie.

Alex Smith collected wood inhabiting fungi here; most productive both in June and again in September; a safety-valve area in case of a dry season S of Straits.

An artificial lake created about 1964 for second home development by damming up a small creek. SA = 89.6 ha and extremely shallow. Drains into Lance Lake.

The northern parts of secs. 13, 14. At one time, the largest cedars in the Douglas Lake region. Much diminished by I75 construction.

Drains Wycamp Lake into Lake Michigan.

Lake Ontario is the smallest of the Great Lakes in terms of surface area and the only Great Lake that does not border Michigan.

This "study site is a patchy mosaic of grassland, shrub (bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, cherry Prunus spp., serviceberry Amelanchier arborea, sweet fern Comptonia peregrina), jack pine (Pinus banskiana), and planted red pine (Pinus resinosa). It is located on a glacial outwash plain that has excessively well-drained, droughty, sandy soil (Albert 1995) that is very nutrient poor, containing 3% soil organic matter (E. C. Farrer, unpublished data). The combination of low nutrients and low organic matter, sandy soil, frequent droughts, and growing season frosts makes this ecosystem fairly stressful overall (Kost 2004). The site has not burned in over 50 years (Michigan Department of Natural Resources, personal communication)."

- Farrer, EC, Goldberg DE, King AA. 2010. Time Lags and the Balance of Positive and Negative Interactions in Driving Grassland Community Dynamics. The American Naturalist. 175(2):160-173

The Douglas Lake/Judson Pike Marsh is located on property owned by the Little Traverse Conservancy.

Viking Lake has a surface area of 39.8 acres and a maximum depth of approximately 25 feet.